The genetic cause of Parkinson’s disease could also affect vision, according to a new study from scientists at the University of York, in Great Britain.

 

The researchers have established a link between a genetic mutation that triggers Parkinson’s disease and visual problems in a Drosophila (a fruit fly). The visual system of the Drosophila contains amounts of dopamine that are similar to what is found in the human eye, which makes it a common lab model.

 

Using an electroretinogram, they found a loss of function in the optic nerve cells with the mutant gene. They also found that other genetic mutations linked to Parkinson’s disease did not affect the optic nerve or cause any vision loss.

 

According to research director Dr. Chris Elliott, this is “a significant step forward as it will help to identify those people with Parkinson’s who may be at greater risk of changes in their vision.” He adds that people have to get away from the idea that this condition only affects movements, and understand that it also affects vision.

Source: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/256482.php  

 

What if amblyopia could be cured by simply turning out the lights for a few days? That’s what researchers at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, suggest.

 

In a recent study, the researchers studied kittens with amblyopia. After the kittens had spent 10 days in complete darkness, the kittens quickly recovered visual function.  The researchers suggest that the recovery of vision comes from the loss of neurofilaments that hold the visual system in place. When these stabilizing elements disappear, the visual system becomes free to correct itself.

 

“There may be ways to increase brain plasticity and recover from disorders such as amblyopia without drug intervention,” says researcher Kevin Duffy. “The advantage of a simple nonpharmacological sensory manipulation, such as a period of darkness, is that it may initiate changes in a constellation of molecules in a beneficial temporal order and in appropriate brain regions.”

 

The study findings were published in the scientific journal Current Biology.

Source: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/256420.php

An international team of scientists led by King’s College London has identified 24 new genes that cause refractive errors and short-sightedness.

 

The researchers published their findings in the journal Nature Genetics. Until now, the scientific community knew that short-sightedness was hereditary, but did not fully understand the genetic baggage involved. To learn more, the researchers analysed genetic and refractive error data of over 45,000 people from 32 different studies. They found 24 new genes for this trait, and confirmed 2 previously reported genes. People with these genes are 10 times more likely to develop short-sightedness.

 

“Currently myopia is corrected with glasses or contact lenses, but now that we understand more about the genetic triggers for the condition, we can begin to explore other ways to correct it or prevent progression,” says Professor Chris Hammond, of King’s College. “It is an extremely exciting step forward which could potentially lead to better treatments or prevention in the future for millions around the world.”

 

Source: http://www.kcl.ac.uk/newsevents/news/newsrecords/2013/02-Feb/24-new-genes-for-short-sightedness-identified.aspx

Almost 43,000 visitors attended the most recent Mido exhibition, held March 2 to 4, which is an increase of more than 3% in a still difficult economic context in Italy and several European countries.

 

Sixty percent of visitors came from 40 different countries, with Italian opticians making up the rest of the visitors. Over 600 of the Italian visitors took advantage of the new initiative, “A Train for Mido,” which enabled them to take the Frecciarossa train free of charge from Rome to Mido and back.

 

The number of exhibitors also increased by 3% this year. Among newcomers was Quebec eyewear maker Zig Eyewear. “This was our first time at Mido, and we plan on repeating the experience next year,” said Cendrine Obadia, designer and founder of Zig Eyewear. Others, like Alain Mikli and Vuarnet, were back after a few years away.

 

The next Mido is scheduled for March 1–3, 2014. In the meantime, on April 11–14, 2013, Out of Mido will invite well-known eyewear manufacturers to showcase their creations at the NHOW hotel’s gallery, as part of the design-oriented Milan Furniture Fair.

How does our brain organize thousands of images that flood our retinas each day? That’s the question that scientists from the University of California, Berkeley, sought to answer by creating the first interactive map of how the brain organizes these groupings. 

 

The result is what researchers are calling “a continuous semantic space.” Up to now, the scientific community thought that each category of object or action humans see (people, animals, vehicles, movements) is represented in a separate region of the visual cortex. The study by the Berkeley team, however, shows that these categories are actually represented in highly organized, overlapping maps that cover almost 20% of the brain, including the somatosensory and frontal cortices.

 

A clearer understanding of how the brain organizes visual input could help with the diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders. It could also help create brain-machine interfaces.

“Our discovery suggests that brain scans could soon be used to label an image that someone is seeing, and may also help teach computers how to better recognize images,” said doctoral student Alexander Huth.

 

Source: http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2012/12/19/semanticspace