The Canadian Ophthalmological Society (COS) is marking Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Awareness Month by drawing attention to recent advances in care, the varied ways the disease affects patients, and the broader personal and societal impact of vision loss across Canada.
AMD is a progressive eye disease that affects the macula, leading to blurred or distorted central vision. The condition presents in two primary forms. Dry AMD typically progresses slowly and is associated with the accumulation of deposits in the macula, while wet AMD can cause rapid and severe vision loss due to abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage. Age over 50, smoking, high blood pressure, and family history remain among the key risk factors.
According to COS, many individuals with AMD may not notice symptoms in the early stages of the disease. Regular eye examinations are therefore recommended for adults aged 50 and over, particularly those with known risk factors. Changes such as blurred vision, distortion of straight lines, or difficulty seeing in low-light conditions are identified as warning signs that warrant prompt assessment by an eye care professional.
The society emphasizes that AMD management is highly individualized. Depending on disease type and severity, care may include lifestyle modifications, nutritional supplementation, close monitoring, or medical treatment aimed at slowing progression. Early diagnosis and consistent follow-up remain central to preserving vision.
“AMD looks different from one patient to the next,” said Varun Chaudhary, Professor and Head of Ophthalmology at McMaster University and Chief of Ophthalmology at St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton and Hamilton Health Sciences. “Today, we have more tools and treatment options than ever before. When the disease is caught early, care can often be tailored to help patients maintain their vision and independence.”
COS also highlighted the role of emerging therapies and technologies in improving outcomes. Newer treatments for wet AMD are allowing for sustained disease control with fewer interventions, while novel therapies for dry AMD have been approved in the United States and are currently under review in Canada. Advances in imaging technologies are further supporting earlier detection, more precise monitoring, and timely treatment decisions.
Beyond clinical considerations, the society noted that AMD carries significant social and economic implications. Vision loss can increase the risk of falls, reduce social engagement, and affect mental well-being. Disparities related to income, geography, and access to eye care services may also influence diagnosis and treatment, underscoring the importance of equitable access to care.
COS encourages Canadians to discuss their individual risk for AMD, screening frequency, and treatment options with their eye care professional. Additional patient-focused information is available through COS’s public education resources.
Source: Canadian Ophthalmological Society
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